Gynaecological cancer incidence and mortality trends in a Brazilian State with medium human development index: A 22-year analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse trends in incidence and mortality rates of gynaecological cancer (GC) in Sergipe, a medium Human Development Index (HDI) state in northeastern Brazil during 1996-2017. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Population-based Cancer Registry of Aracaju and Brazilian Mortality Information System database. We included vulvar (VUC), vaginal (VAC), cervical (CC), uterine (UC; C54-C55), ovarian (OC), placental (PC), and unspecified female genital organ cancers. Crude rates, and age-standardised incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR, respectively) were calculated using a denominator of 100,000 women. We assessed changes in trends using the annual percentage change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC), using the Joinpoint Regression Program. RESULTS: From 1996-2017, GC ASIR exhibited a declining trend (AAPC: -3.1), while ASMR increased (AAPC: 2.1). CC had the highest ASIR and ASMR over the years, ranging from 11.6 to 34.3 cases and 4.2-9.0 deaths per 100,000, respectively. Annual decreases in ASIR were observed for CC (AAPC: -5.2) and VAC (AAPC: -5.5). OC saw an increase in mortality rates (AAPC: 1.9; 1996-2017), and CC experienced an increase during 1996-2003 (APC: 6.9). VUC displayed a substantial rise in ASMR from 2001 to 2009 (APC: 27.1), followed by a decrease (APC: -11.3). An increase in mortality trends for UC was observed during 1996-2004 (APC: 10.0), while its ASIR remained relatively unchanged over the years. CONCLUSION: While overall GC incidence trends declined, mortality rates either increased or failed to decrease significantly. Therefore, additional efforts are required to enhance prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, aimed at reducing and managing the burden of GC in the future.

Educational Nursing Intervention in Reducing Hospital Readmission and the Mortality of Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) represents a public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality, increased consumption of health resources, prolonged hospitalization, and frequent readmissions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a nursing educational intervention using home visits (HV) combined with telephone contact in reducing hospital readmission and the mortality of patients with HF. (2) Methods: This is systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The databases used were CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed and SciELO. A gray literature search included Google Scholar, OpenThesis, Clinical trials and reference lists of eligible studies. RCTs of patients diagnosed with HF were included, distributed between the control group (CG) and intervention (IG), in which the IG was submitted to the nursing intervention with HV and telephone contact in association and analyzed the result of readmission and mortality. (3) Results: The search resulted in 2528 articles and, after following steps, 11 remained for final analysis. A total of 1417 patients were analyzed and distributed: 683 in the IG and 734 in the CG. As a primary outcome, the meta-analysis identified a 36% reduction in the risk of readmission [RR 0.64, 95% CI, 0.54−0.75, p < 0.01] and a 35% reduction in mortality in the IG [RR 0.65, 95% CI, 0.50−0.85, p < 0.01]. Heterogeneity was moderate for readmission and homogeneous for mortality. (4) Conclusions: HV and telephone contact are an effective intervention strategy for nurses' educational practice.

Avaliação dos óbitos por COVID-19 em médicos no Brasil / Evaluation of deaths by COVID-19 in doctors in Brazil

Introdução: a pandemia da doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) afetou a população mundial, especialmente os profissionais que atuam na linha de frente, como os médicos. Objetivo: avaliar os óbitos na população médica brasileira pela COVID-19. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo ecológico e analítico sobre os óbitos por COVID-19 em médicos, no Brasil. Realizou-se análise descritiva e utilizaram-se os testes Qui-quadrado e Qui-quadrado de Pearson com simulações de Monte-Carlo (p˂0,05). A análise espacial foi realizada mediante mapa de densidade de Kernel. Resultados: foram incluídos 938 óbitos, e predominaram vítimas do sexo masculino (86,57%) com idade média de 66,24 anos. A taxa de mortalidade por COVID-19 variou de 82,2 óbitos por 100 mil médicos no sudeste a 739,2 no norte do Brasil. O maior número de óbitos foi apresentado na clínica médica (29,85%), que também obteve a maior taxa de mortalidade de 655,3. Observou-se diferença significativa entre os anos 2020 e 2021 para a faixa etária, com maior frequência nos grupos com mais de 60 anos (p=0,005) e para as áreas de atuação médica, com maior prevalência para a clínica médica (p=0,018). No ano de 2020, os estados brasileiros que apresentaram maiores taxas de mortalidades estão localizados, na sua maioria, nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Conclusão: devem ser consideradas as diferentes situações que aumentam a vulnerabilidade dos médicos aos riscos de contrair a COVID-19; com isso ações de promoção, proteção e assistência à saúde devem ser aprimoradas, principalmente aos profissionais que estão na linha de frente, visando o preparo para pandemias.

Introduction: the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the world population, especially professionals who are working on the front lines, like the doctors. Objective: evaluate deaths in the Brazilian medical population using COVID-19. Methods: this is a study ecological and analytical on deaths in doctors due to COVID-19, in Brazil. Descriptive analysis was performed, and Pearson's chi-square and chi-square tests were used with Monte-Carlo simulations (p˂0.05). Spatial analysis was performed using density map a Kernel. Results: were included 938 deaths, predominantly male victims (86.57%) with a mean age of 66.24 years. The mortality rate due to COVID-19 ranged from 82.2 deaths per 100,000 doctors in the Southeast to 739.2 in the North of Brazil. The highest number of deaths was presented in the Medical Clinic (29.85%), which also had the highest mortality rate of 655.3. There was a significant difference between the years 2020 and 2021 for the age group, with greater frequency in groups over 60 years old (p=0.005) and for the areas of medical practice, with higher prevalence for Internal Medicine (p=0.018). The Brazilian states had the highest mortality rates in 2020 and were mostly from the North and Northeast regions. Conclusion: the different situations that increase the vulnerability of physicians to the risks of contracting COVID-19 must be considered. Therefore, actions for health promotion, protection and assistance must be improved, with these professionals who are on the front line, aiming to prepare for pandemics.

Tendência temporal da mortalidade por câncer de laringe no Brasil e regiões, no período de 1980 a 2019 / Temporal trend of larynx cancer mortality in Brazil and regions, from 1980 to 2019

Objetivo: analisar a tendência da mortalidade por câncer de laringe no Brasil e regiões no período de 1980 a 2019. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal. Os dados foram provenientes do SIM/DATASUS, e foram estratificados segundo faixa etária, ano, local e sexo. Foi calculada a taxa padronizada de mortalidade (TPM) e utilizada para análise de tendência, por intermédio do modelo JoinPoint. Resultados: foi possível observar que o Brasil apresentou alto número de mortes em toda série temporal com cerca de 112.693 óbitos. No tocante as suas regiões destacaram-se o Sudeste, seguido do Sul com 62.111 e 23.356 mortes pelo agravo, respectivamente. Dentre as faixas etárias analisadas, o grupo de 60-79 anos apresentou predominância em ambos os sexos, com 56.947 ocorrências. Já para o sexo, o masculino apresentou mais de 98 mil mortes em detrimento de mais de 13 mil para o feminino, uma diferença 85,6%. Avaliando a tendência, o Brasil apresentou estabilidade em boa parte da série temporal, com diminuição significativa a partir de 2009 (APC -1,6). Nas regiões, o Nordeste apresentou a maior tendência de crescimento (AAPC 2,7) e o Norte também demonstrou crescimento a partir de 1990 (APC 1,8), as demais apresentaram redução considerável e significativa, exceto Centro-oeste que não apresentou JoinPoints. Conclusão: ressalta-se a importância da revisão, melhoria e até implementação de novas políticas de rastreamento a fim de aumentar o quantitativo de diagnóstico precoce e evitar, a longo prazo, a mortalidade.

Objective: to analyze the trend of mortality from laryngeal cancer in Brazil and regions from 1980 to 2019. Methods: this is an ecological time series study. Data came from SIM/DATASUS, and were stratified according to age group, year, location and sex. Age Standard Rates (ASR) were calculated and these were used for trend analysis, performed using the Joinpoint model. Results: it was possible to observe that Brazil had a high number of deaths in the entire time series, with about 112,693 deaths. Regarding its regions, the Southeast stood out, followed by the South with 62,111 and 23,356 deaths from the disease, respectively. Among the age groups analyzed, the 60-79 age group showed a predominance in both sexes, with 56,947 occurrences. As for gender, males had more than 98 thousand deaths at the expense of more than 13 thousand for females, a difference of 85.6%. Assessing the trend, Brazil showed stability in most of the time series, with a significant decrease as of 2009 (APC -1.6). In the regions, the Northeast showed the greatest growth trend (AAPC 2.7) the North also showed growth from 1990 (APC 1.8), the others showed a considerable and significant reduction, except for the Midwest, which did not present Joinpoints. Conclusion: we emphasize the importance of reviewing, improving and even implementing new screening policies in order to increase the number of early diagnoses and prevent, in the long term, mortality.

Prevalência da hiperidrose primária e seu impacto no trabalho de profissionais de saúde / Prevalence of primary hyperidrosis and its impact on the work of health professionals

Avaliar a prevalência e o impacto da Hiperidrose Primária (HP) nas atividades laborais de profissionais de saúde de um hospital público referência em urgência e emergência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva, exploratória e quantitativa, realizada com profissionais de saúde de um hospital público referência em urgência e emergência do Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário critérios de diagnósticos, de qualidade de vida e sobre impacto da HP nas atividades laborais. Empregaram-se os testes Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Participaram do estudo 658 profissionais; a prevalência de HP encontrada foi 11%. Dos portadores de HP, 43% relataram apresentar dificuldades durante as atividades laborativas. Todas as atividades laborais no âmbito da saúde foram referidas com limitações na sua execução pelos profissionais avaliados, sendo a mais referida a escrita (88%), seguida da utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual (81%). A HP teve prevalência relevante nos profissionais de saúde com comprometimento negativo importante na sua qualidade de vida e laboral.

To evaluate the prevalence and impact of Primary Hyperhidrosis (PH) on the work activities of health professionals at a public hospital, a reference in Urgency and Emergency. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory, quantitative study carried out with health professionals from a public hospital that is a reference in Urgency and Emergency in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. The instruments used were the questionnaire on diagnostic criteria, quality of life and the impact of PH on work activities. The Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were applied. Participants of this study were 658 professionals; the prevalence of PH was 11%. Among the patients with PH, 43% reported having difficulties during work activities. All work activities in the health field were mentioned with limitations in execution by the evaluated professionals, the most mentioned were writing (88%), followed by the use of personal protective equipment (81%). PH had a relevant prevalence in health professionals with significant negative impairment in their quality of life and work.

Internações por neoplasia maligna da mama nas regiões brasileiras no período de 2014 a 2018 / Hospitalizations for malignant breast neoplasia in brazilian regions from 2014 to 2018 / Hospitalizaciones para neoplasia maligna de mama en regiones brasileñas de 2014 a 2018

Objetivo: Analisar os casos de internação por neoplasia maligna da mama nas regiões brasileiras de 2014 a 2018. Método: estudo descritivo e quantitativo, realizado através dos dados referentes aos internamentos por neoplasia maligna da mama nas cinco regiões brasileiras disponíveis no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde entre os anos de 2014 a 2018. Resultados: Foram notificados 305.086 internamentos por câncer de mama no período de 2014 a 2018. Em 2017 ocorreram o maior número de internações com 65.029 (21,3%) casos, a região Sudeste ocupou o primeiro lugar com 51,1% dos internamentos, houve predominância do sexo feminino (98,9%), cor branca (45,8%) e na faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos (51,3%). Conclusão: Os dados encontrados mostram que a conscientização dos profissionais e da população sobre a importância da prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer de mama é um fator essencial para a mudança do panorama no país

Objective: To analyze the cases of hospitalization for malignant neoplasia of the breast in the Brazilian regions from 2014 to 2018. Method: Descriptive and quantitative study, carried out through the data referring to hospitalizations for malignant neoplasia of the breast in the five Brazilian regions available in the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System between 2014 and 2018. Results: There were 305,086 admissions for breast cancer in the period from 2014 to 2018. In 2017, the largest number of hospitalizations occurred with 65,029 (21.3%) cases, the Southeast occupied the first place with 51.1% of hospitalizations, there was a predominance of females (98.9%), white (45.8%) and in the age group 40-59 (51.3%). Conclusion: The data show that the awareness of professionals and the population about the importance of the prevention and early detection of breast cancer is an essential factor for the change of the panorama in the country

Objetivo: Analizar los casos de hospitalización por cáncer de seno maligno en las regiones brasileñas de 2014 a 2018. Método: Estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo, realizado a través de datos que se refieren a hospitalizaciones por cáncer de seno maligno en las cinco regiones. Disponible en el Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud entre 2014 y 2018. Resultados: Se informaron 305,086 hospitalizaciones por cáncer de seno entre 2014 y 2018. En 2017 hubo el mayor número de hospitalizaciones con 65,029 (21.3%) casos, la región sudeste ocupó el primer lugar con 51.1% de hospitalizaciones, Predominó el sexo femenino (98,9%), blanco (45,8%) y en el grupo de edad de 40 a 59 años (51,3%). Conclusión: La conciencia de los profesionales y la población sobre la importancia de la prevención y la detección temprana del cáncer de mama es un factor esencial para el panorama cambiante en el país

Impacto da hiperidrose nas atividades laborais da enfermagem em um hospital de urgência e emergência / Impact of hyperhidrosis on nursingwork activities in a hospital for urgent and emergency care / Impacto de la hiperhidrosis en las actividades de trabajo de enfermería en un hospital de emergencia

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e o impacto da hiperidrose primária nas atividades e qualidade de vida dos profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público. Métodos: estudo transversal com 363 profissionais de enfermagem de um Hospital Referência em Urgência e Emergência de Sergipe, Brasil. Utilizou-se questionário de critérios diagnósticos, qualidade de vida e sobre o impacto da hiperidrose primária nas atividades laborais. Resultados: a prevalência da hiperidrose primária foi de 11%, com a piora em situação de estresse em 27 (68%) dos profissionais e três (8%) referiram comprometimento nas atividades diárias. Todas as limitações foram referidas na execução de procedimentos de enfermagem, sendo as mais citadas avaliação escrita por 37 profissionais (93%) e utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual por 31 (79%). Conclusão: a hiperidrose primária teve alta prevalência nos profissionais de enfermagem com comprometimento negativo na qualidade de vida dos portadores, mesmo quando em grau leve e moderado

Objective: The study's main purpose has been to assess both the prevalence and impact of primary hyperhidrosis on the activities and quality of life of nursing professionals working in a public hospital. Methods: It is a crosssectional study with 363 nursing professionals from a Public Referral Hospital for Urgent and Emergency Care in the Sergipe State, Brazil. There was used a questionnaire addressing diagnostic criteria, quality of life and the impact of primary hyperhidrosis on work activities. Results: There was found a primary hyperhidrosis prevalence of 11% in nursing professionals, worsening under stress in 27 (68%) of the professionals, and three (8%) reported impairment in daily activities. All limitations were mentioned to be happening in the implementation of nursing procedures, the most cited being written assessment by 37 professionals (93%), and the use of personal protective equipment by 31 (79%). Conclusion: Primary hyperhidrosis had a high prevalence in nursing professionals ultimately producing a negative impact on bearer's quality of life, even when mild or moderate

Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia y el impacto de la hiperhidrosis primaria en las actividades y la calidad de vida de los profesionales de enfermería en un hospital público. Métodos: estudio transversal con 363 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital de referencia en urgencias y emergencias en Sergipe, Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario sobre criterios diagnósticos, calidad de vida y sobre el impacto de la hiperhidrosis primaria en las actividades laborales. Resultados: la prevalencia de hiperhidrosis primaria fue del 11%, con empeoramiento bajo estrés en 27 (68%) de los profesionales y tres (8%) informaron deterioro en las actividades diarias. Todas las limitaciones se mencionaron en la implementación de los procedimientos de enfermería, siendo la evaluación escrita más citada por 37 profesionales (93%) y el uso de equipos de protección personal por 31 (79%). Conclusión: la hiperhidrosis primaria tuvo una alta prevalencia en profesionales de enfermería con un deterioro negativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, incluso cuando era leve y moderada

SARCOPENIA AND SEVERITY OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by deposition of lipids in the hepatic parenchyma exceeding 5% of liver weight in the absence of other conditions, such as viral or alcoholic hepatitis and metabolic disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic liver disease in several countries. In addition to liver complications, recent studies have shown a relation between liver fat and sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE: Determine the association between sarcopenia and the severity of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. METHODS: A clinical, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of male and female adults (18 to 70 years of age) submitted to ultrasonography for the investigation of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Evaluations were also performed for the determination of upper and lower limb muscle strength. Data analysis was performed with the aid of the SPSS 22.0 program and involved ANCOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test, with P-value <0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. RESULTS: One hundred two patients were submitted to abdominal ultrasonography, 57.8% of whom presented some degree of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. The presence and degree of fatty liver infiltration were significantly associated with the sarcopenic index, determined by the ratio between upper and lower limb strength and BMI (P=0.009 and post-test P=0.028 for upper limbs; P=0.006 and post-test P=0.013 for lower limbs). CONCLUSION: In the present study, an association was found between the sarcopenic index and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, with an inversely proportional relation between this index and the severity of fatty infiltration. This finding offers further evidence of the metabolic interaction of the liver, adipose tissue and muscle.

Sarcopenia e gravidade da doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica / Sarcopenia and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by deposition of lipids in the hepatic parenchyma exceeding 5% of liver weight in the absence of other conditions, such as viral or alcoholic hepatitis and metabolic disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common form of chronic liver disease in several countries. In addition to liver complications, recent studies have shown a relation between liver fat and sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE: Determine the association between sarcopenia and the severity of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. METHODS: A clinical, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of male and female adults (18 to 70 years of age) submitted to ultrasonography for the investigation of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. Evaluations were also performed for the determination of upper and lower limb muscle strength. Data analysis was performed with the aid of the SPSS 22.0 program and involved ANCOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test, with P-value <0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. RESULTS: One hundred two patients were submitted to abdominal ultrasonography, 57.8% of whom presented some degree of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis. The presence and degree of fatty liver infiltration were significantly associated with the sarcopenic index, determined by the ratio between upper and lower limb strength and BMI (P=0.009 and post-test P=0.028 for upper limbs; P=0.006 and post-test P=0.013 for lower limbs). CONCLUSION: In the present study, an association was found between the sarcopenic index and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, with an inversely proportional relation between this index and the severity of fatty infiltration. This finding offers further evidence of the metabolic interaction of the liver, adipose tissue and muscle.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença hepática gordura não-alcoólica caracteriza-se pela deposição de lipídios no parênquima hepático, excedendo 5% do peso do fígado na ausência de outras afecções como hepatites virais, alcoólicas ou doenças metabólicas. A doença hepática gordura não-alcoólica tem sido observada como a forma mais comum de doença hepática crônica em diversos países. Além das complicações hepáticas, estudos recentes têm demonstrado a relação entre a presença de gordura hepática e a sarcopenia. OBJETIVO: Determinar a associação entre a sarcopenia e a gravidade da esteatose hepática não-alcoólica diagnosticada pela ultrassonografia abdominal. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico e transversal com amostra de pacientes de ambos os sexos, de 18 a 70 anos de idade, diagnosticados como portadores ou não de esteatose hepática não-alcoólica pela ultrassonografia e submetidos à avaliação da força muscular dos membros superiores e inferiores. Os dados foram inseridos no programa estatístico SPSS 22.0, analisados através do teste ANCOVA e pós-teste de Bonferroni, sendo considerado significante P<0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados pela ultrassonografia abdominal 102 pacientes e destes, 57,8% apresentaram algum grau de esteatose hepática não-alcoólica. A presença e os graus da infiltração gordurosa no fígado tiveram associação estatisticamente significativa com o índice sarcopênico, determinado pela razão entre força muscular dos membros superiores e inferiores e o IMC (P=0,009 e pós-teste P=0,028 MMSS; P=0,006 e pós-teste P=0,013 MMII). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se associação entre o índice sarcopênico e a presença de esteatose hepática não-alcoólica, com relação inversamente proporcional entre esse índice e a gravidade da infiltração gordurosa, reforçando a interação do eixo metabólico entre fígado, tecido adiposo e músculo.

Impact of primary hyperhidrosis on the life of physical education academics of a university in the Brazilian Northeast

Abstract Aim: To assess the prevalence, quality of life (QoL), and the damages caused by PH, in the professional and personal scope of Physical Education academics with Primary Hyperhidrosis (PH). Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out. Twenty-five students from the physical education course at Tiradentes University, Aracaju-SE, were interviewed from August to November 2017. Validated questionnaires were used on PH's influence in academic activities and QoL. absolute and relative frequencies in the case of categorical variables and measures of trend and central variability in the case of numerical variables. Results: The prevalence of PH in students of Physical Education was 11.11%, mainly in combined sites, such as palmoplantar, and with no difference between the sexes. The symptoms started mostly during childhood and adolescence. Most of the interviewees (92%) reported difficulties with activities such as sports, use of personal protective equipment, handling of work equipment and instruments, and exacerbation in stress situations. They reported significant harm to QoL in situations of greeting people with handshakes, writing, wearing socks and dancing socially. Conclusion: Although PH is a disease that negatively impacts the QoL, it is still little known in the academic world with little demand for medical help. Therefore, it is necessary greater dissemination of the disease for its early diagnosis, related to the intensity of the sweating for a better therapeutic approach.